3M: Understanding Respirator, Cartridge, And Filter Markings

Respirators, cartridges, and filters have many markings, and it is important to understand each so they can choose the right ones for the application. An N95 is a rating for a disposable respirator or particulate filter that describes its filtration efficiency. It is based on an approval test performed by NIOSH: The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health.

The N95 rating is part of a NIOSH Matrix. There are three letters and three numbers; the letters N, R, and P designate how well the filter is resistant to oil-based particulates and mists. “N” means it is not intended for use in oil mist, “R” means it is resistant, and “P” means it is oil mist proof. The numbers 95%, 99%, and 100% tell them the filtering efficiency based on the NIOSH-approved respirator test. NIOSH respirator ratings are only applicable for particulate filters. These ratings do not have anything to do with filtering chemical odors.

While an N95 rating is useful for most types of dust and debris, a P100 respirator filter is useful for particles like lead and asbestos. A P100 is designated by pink, magenta, or purple color printing on the disposable respirator/filter. Cartridges for reusable respirators also have NIOSH-approved markings. Rather than letters or numbers, the classification system uses color codes to designate which specific contaminants the cartridge can help filter out.

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